ANGER IN JAIN PHILOSOPHY: A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

This paper, Anger in Jain Philosophy: A Psychological and Ethical Analysis, examines the nature, classifications, and management of anger (krodh) through the lens of Jain philosophy, juxtaposed with modern psychological theories. It highlights how Jain philosophy views anger not merely as an emotional reaction but as a kārmic impurity obstructing spiritual progress. Drawing from the Sthānānga Sūtra, the paper outlines multiple classifications of anger based on cause, intensity, resolution, and situational triggers, linking them to psychological constructs such as self-directed anger, frustration-aggression, chronic hostility, and emotional impulsivity. The study underscores that while psychology emphasizes emotional regulation through strategies like Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness, Jainism prescribes the elimination of anger’s karmic roots through ethical conduct (dharma), self-restraint (saṃyama), meditation, and the cultivation of virtues like forgiveness and compassion. Integrating both frameworks, the paper proposes a holistic model of anger management that addresses emotional, cognitive, ethical, and spiritual dimensions.