Kulīnā-kathāyāṃ strī-asmitāyāḥ abhivyaktiḥ

Abstract

**Abstract**

Veṇāpāṇi Paṭanī's Kulīnā is a significant work of modern Sanskrit fiction that presents a profound expression of female identity. Through the character of Suramā, the story explores social subordination, child marriage, neglect, familial exploitation, self-respect, and silent resistance in women's lives. Despite enduring immense suffering, Suramā upholds her dignity, patience, and moral values. Her silence symbolizes inner strength rather than weakness. The author critically examines the rigid customs of Kulin Brahmin society and the patriarchal social order. The study concludes that *Kulīnā* portrays female identity through endurance, self-respect, moral courage, and the preservation of human values rather than open rebellion, making it a significant contribution to feminist discourse in modern Sanskrit literature.